Social Integration Research Articles

Codesigning Online Continuing Medical Education on Social Health Integration and Social Risk-Informed Care for Primary Care Providers.

Adapting clinical care decisions for patient-reported social risks is essential to social health integration and patient-centered care. Most research in this area focuses on awareness and assistance (social-needs-targeted care), such as screening and referral to food, financial, and other resources. Limited evidence for adjustment strategies (social risk-informed care) or adapting care for social risks made it difficult for Kaiser Permanente to implement new initiatives. This article describes a co-design process to build a novel, adjustment-focused continuing medical education course. The authors co-developed the online continuing medical education course with patients and clinicians using user-centered design. Transcripts from co-design activities were coded and analyzed by thematic analysis to identify major themes, including perceptions of social risk-informed care and barriers to care adjustment. Practical hurdles for implementing social risk-informed care emerged, including clinicians' concerns about the ethics of adjustment as substandard care, particularly without robust assistance activities. However, patients expressed a desire for their care to be adapted to their social circumstances, to allow for more realistic care plans. Implementation barriers identified from the co-design were addressed through an interactive, case-study approach. Existing evidence on contextualized care and shared decision making informed a general framework for primary care providers to engage in awareness and adjustment activities, paired with 3 interactive case studies based on real-world, clinician-supplied scenarios. The authors recommend that multiple stakeholder perspectives be incorporated during the development of social health integration initiatives, particularly adjustment. Education complemented by active, nuanced, flexible implementation strategies may be necessary for the successful uptake of care-delivery-based social health integration activities.

The role of leisure activities in enhancing well-being in Saudi’s retired community: a mixed methods study

This mixed-methods study delves into the impact of leisure activities on the well-being of retirees in Saudi Arabia, focusing on health, emotional balance, social integration, and self-fulfillment. In the quantitative phase, 545 retirees were selected through a snowball sampling, providing a diverse sample of age, gender, socio-economic status, and educational background. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The qualitative phase involved randomly selecting 23 participants from the initial cohort for semi-structured interviews, with the data subjected to thematic analysis for deeper insights. Findings revealed a moderate overall enhancement in well-being attributed to leisure activities, with health benefits being most significantly improved. Emotional and social well-being showed moderate enhancements, while self-fulfillment benefits were less pronounced. Demographic variations were evident, with gender, socio-economic status, and education level influencing the perceived benefits. Qualitatively, the importance of cultural alignment in leisure activities was highlighted, underscoring their role in social connectivity and personal development. The study underscores the need for culturally sensitive and accessible leisure programs tailored to the varied needs of the retired population in Saudi Arabia. It provides crucial insights for policymakers and community planners, emphasizing the importance of demographic considerations in leisure interventions to improve retirees’ quality of life. This research contributes significantly to understanding leisure’s role in enhancing post-retirement well-being, offering a comprehensive perspective for future leisure-related initiatives and policies.

Impact of Onboarding on Employee Retention in Case Of India

This study examines the impact of onboarding practices on employee retention in the context of India. Because of the intense competition in the Indian labor market and the challenges associated with retaining talent, effective onboarding techniques are essential for businesses seeking to lower their turnover rates. This research aims to shed light on the relationship between onboarding experiences and subsequent employee retention outcomes in Indian companies by conducting an extensive review of the relevant literature and analyzing empirical data. We'll look at key components including work satisfaction, social integration, training and development, and corporate culture to determine how they impact onboarding programs' long-term ability to retain employees. In order to offer a more thorough outlook, the unique cultural peculiarities and socioeconomic features that are typical in India will also It is predicted that the research's findings would further theoretically understanding and have implications for HRM and organizational leaders.

English proficiency of Japanese third-age learners: A Quantitative Inquiry

The EFL (English as a Foreign Language) participation and engagement of third-age learners, whose ages range from 50 up to 70 and above has received global attention. Japanese third-age learners' pursuit of English competence exhibits broader societal trends and personal desires for lifelong learning. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational approach, the study assessed the level of English language proficiency (ELP) of 59 Japanese third-age learners registered in the 2023-2024 EFL program in five cities of Aichi prefecture, Japan, when they were taken as a whole and when they were demographically grouped by sex, age, educational background, and weekly average study time. The results show that on average, third-age learners in Japan achieve an intermediate level of English proficiency or B1, with variances observed attributed to demographic criteria such as sex, age, educational background, and weekly English study time. The study found a significant relationship between ELP and the respondents’ demographic, indicating that ELP levels are influenced by sex, age, educational attainment, and the number of hours spent learning English per week, with males showing higher proficiency and older learners generally showing higher levels. The study underscores the need for tailored English language instruction for third-age learners, taking into account their specific demographics. It also considers the policy implications of institutionalizing programs for third-age learners in Japan, aiming to promote active aging, social integration, and overall well-being. Researchers, teachers, and curriculum designers may use this study as one of the bases for developing tailored curricula and instructional materials for third-age learners.

What to Compare When Comparing Inequalities in Educational Systems? Beyond School Disparities, Social Reproduction

Objective: International comparisons influence educational policies, but their foundations are seldom examined. The academic dimension is emphasized, despite the goal of integrating youth into the social and economic life of most countries. This research supports this perspective and aims to assess the role of educational systems in the reproduction of social inequalities in Latin America. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in the theories of social reproduction and conflict, addressing concepts such as school segregation and the valuation of diplomas in social mobility. Method: A qualitative and comparative methodology was adopted, focusing on the educational systems of Latin America. It was structured into four components: literature review, comparative analysis, analysis of public data, and synthesis of findings. Data collection involved the analysis of secondary data. Results and Discussion: The results revealed persistent educational inequalities in the region, such as school segregation and differences in diploma valuation. The discussion highlighted how schools and diplomas perpetuate social inequalities, influencing the social and economic trajectories of young people. Research Implications: It emphasizes the need to evaluate educational systems beyond academic performance, considering their impact on social integration. It underscores the urgency of reforms for inclusion, equity, and intersectoral collaboration. Originality/Value: This study offers a new perspective on educational inequality in Latin America, examining the impact of school segregation and diploma valuation on social mobility. It enriches academic dialogue and educational practices.

The role of housing stability in predicting social capital: Exploring social support and psychological integration as mediators for individuals with histories of homelessness and vulnerable housing.

Social capital is a collective asset important for individual and population well-being. Individuals who experience homelessness may face barriers in accessing social capital due to health challenges, small social networks, and social exclusion. Data from a 4-year longitudinal study was used to determine if housing stability predicted greater social capital and if this relationship was mediated by social support and psychological integration for a sample of 855 homeless and vulnerably housed participants living in three Canadian cities. Findings showed that housing stability was not associated with trust and linking social capital. However, higher levels of social support and psychological integration had a mediating effect on the association between housing stability and trust and linking social capital. These findings highlight the importance of social support and psychological integration as means of promoting social capital for people who experience homelessness and vulnerable housing. Social interventions for housed individuals with histories of homelessness may be an avenue to foster greater social capital by building relationships with neighbors and connections to community resources and activities.

Social Cohesion of Kampong Lorong Buangkok: Community Amidst Singaporean Industrialization

This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive examination of the Malay community living in Kampong Lorong Buangkok, the last village in Singapore's Hougang area. This community is intriguing due to its preservation of customs, traditions, and a simplified economic system amidst Singapore's rapid industrial development. The study utilizes in-depth interviews with current residents of Kampong Lorong Buangkok and reveals their steadfast commitment to upholding Malay traditions as a social foundation. Residents persist in maintaining a traditional economy designed to promote unity and support productive community life. This economic system functions to enhance social unity, assisting the residents in coping with Singapore's high cost of living. The robust social cohesion within the community has enabled Kampong Lorong Buangkok to persist despite political tensions and the encroaching pressures of rapid Singaporean industrialization that jeopardize the village's survival.

“I’m Part of Something That Matters”: Exploring What Older Adults Value Through Their Engagement in Age-Friendly Community Initiatives

ABSTRACT Older adults’ engagement in age-friendly community (AFC) initiatives is considered an essential element of community transformation. However, research on older adults’ experiences of engaging in AFC initiatives remains nascent. Based on qualitative interviews with 23 older adult participants from 15 AFC initiatives across four states in the United States (U.S.), our reflexive thematic analysisidentified three themes regarding what participants value from their engagement: (a) social contribution; (b) social connectedness and integration; and (c) staying active and personal growth. Exploring older adults’ interest in contributing to, connecting with, and growing in their community can inform recruitment and retention in AFC initiatives.

The dynamics of language shifts in migrant communities: Implications for social integration and cultural preservation

This study examines language shifts within migrant communities, focusing on the social and cultural implications of adopting a new dominant language while maintaining heritage languages. It explores the impact of these dynamics on community cohesion, identity, and intergenerational communication. The paper also discusses the role of educational and social policies in supporting multilingualism and cultural diversity as assets in the integration process. This paper delves into the multifaceted dynamics of language shifts within migrant populations and examines their profound implications for social integration and cultural preservation. Migrant communities undergo a complex linguistic adaptation process influenced by various factors, including historical contexts, socio-economic conditions, and government policies. The phenomenon of language shift, wherein migrants gradually adopt the dominant language of the host country while potentially losing proficiency in their native language, represents a fundamental aspect of this adaptation process. This paper explores the nuanced interplay between linguistic assimilation and cultural retention among migrants, highlighting the intricate mechanisms through which language shapes their sense of belonging and cultural identity. Language is a gateway to social integration, facilitating interactions with the host society and enhancing access to employment, education, and public services. However, the pursuit of linguistic assimilation often entails challenges such as discrimination, linguistic barriers, and feelings of alienation, posing significant obstacles to migrants' integration efforts. Moreover, the erosion of native languages within migrant communities can engender a sense of loss and disconnection from cultural heritage, raising concerns about preserving linguistic diversity and intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge. This paper examines the role of language policies and educational initiatives in shaping language dynamics within migrant communities. Government interventions, ranging from language proficiency requirements for citizenship to bilingual education programs, profoundly influence migrants' linguistic trajectories and cultural adaptation experiences. Keywords: Language, Communities, Social Integration, Cultural Preservation, Policies, Multiculturalism.

Navigating multilingual identities: The role of languages in shaping social belonging and political participation

This paper explores the complex interplay between multilingual identities, social belonging, and political participation. It delves into how individuals navigate their multilingual identities within different social and political contexts and how they influence their sense of belonging and engagement in civic life. The research aims to shed light on how languages serve as bridges and barriers in social integration and political activism. Multilingualism is a complex phenomenon that plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' identities, social interactions, and political engagement. This Review explores the role of languages in shaping social belonging and political participation, highlighting how multilingual individuals navigate their identities in diverse linguistic and cultural contexts. Multilingual individuals often develop multifaceted identities shaped by their proficiency in multiple languages and experiences in multilingual environments. These identities are dynamic and fluid, influenced by language use, cultural background, and social context. Multilingualism allows individuals to express different aspects of their identity, negotiate cultural differences, and navigate complex social landscapes. Languages play a crucial role in shaping social belonging by providing individuals with a sense of connection to their communities and cultures. Multilingual individuals often use different languages to communicate with different social groups, reinforcing their sense of belonging and cultural identity. Additionally, languages can serve as markers of cultural heritage, allowing individuals to maintain and celebrate their linguistic and cultural diversity. Furthermore, languages also play a significant role in shaping political participation. Multilingual individuals often use their language skills to engage in political discourse, advocate for their rights, and participate in democratic processes. Language can serve as a tool for empowerment, enabling individuals to voice their opinions, mobilize communities, and influence political outcomes. In conclusion, multilingualism is a dynamic and multifaceted phenomenon that shapes individuals' social belonging and political participation. By exploring the role of languages in shaping identities and facilitating social and political engagement, this Review provides insights into the complex interplay between language, identity, and society. Understanding the role of languages in shaping social belonging and political participation can inform policies and practices that promote linguistic diversity, cultural inclusivity, and democratic participation in diverse societies. Keywords: Multilingual, Social, Identity, Political.

Life in a State of Limbo – Narratives of Place, Health, and Integration Among Later Life Female Migrants in Sweden

International migration is a prioritized domain of European aging research. Using a qualitative approach, the author has gathered accounts among Iranian later-life females in the Swedish city of Malmö, suffering from social isolation. The women in this article found themselves in a situation like that of other later-life migrants in Sweden. Several studies have shown how these groups are at risk of ending up in a social isolation which can be hard to break. The situation of the later-life migrant women discussed in this study is characterized by the loss of numerous deep-seated and natural social bonds connected to ethnicity, family, language, and culture. To cope with their exposed situation, the local Iranian-Swedish association provided some self-arranged activities, offering opportunities to social integration. The aim of the study is to demonstrate how the women described their life situation where a local day center made up the key foundation of their social life in  a Swedish city in 2000–2008. Typical of that period was that solutions of the alarming situation of some foreign-born elderly citizens were discussed by local authorities, as well as volunteer organizations. Thus, the aim is not to describe the present situation among later life migrants. On the contrary, the perspective is retrospective. The theoretical inspirations used in the article derive from a broader backdrop of social-constructive assumptions that define narratives or accounts as explanations of the reality of everyday life and experiences. In the article the women’s stories are defined as small, local, erratic narratives, nevertheless explaining the reality of everyday life and experiences which in their turn reflect the state of illness, locally specific attachment and social isolation. Three salient themes emerge in the material: place bound experiences, illness and unsuccessful integration. The narratives are defined as small irregular accounts, contrasting larger narratives of later-life migration. The article shows how the women depicted their situation as a borderline between an Iranian life in exile and a Swedish society, leaving them in a state of Limbo. The women expressed ambitions of integrate into a Swedish community of senior citizens, providing privileges and civil rights. Thus, the narratives challenge common generalizing images of later-life migrants and their life conditions.

“We want our freedom back, that’s our only need”: a qualitative study of health and social needs among asylum seekers and undocumented migrants crossing the borders from Belarus to Lithuania

BackgroundThe influx of undocumented migrants and asylum seekers into Lithuania, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, presents unique public health challenges. This study employs the Social Determinants of Health framework to explore the healthcare and social needs of this vulnerable population.MethodsIn May 2022, we carried out a qualitative study through semi-structured interviews with asylum seekers across four centers in Lithuania. Employing both purposive and snowball sampling techniques, we selected participants for our investigation. The study comprised 21 interviews—19 conducted in Arabic and 2 in English—with durations ranging between 20 and 40 min each. We audio-recorded all interviews, transcribed them verbatim, and subsequently performed a thematic analysis using Atlas.ti software. This process of design and analysis strictly followed the principles of thematic analysis as outlined by Braun and Clarke, guaranteeing methodological precision and rigor.Findings21 interviews revealed critical insights into the healthcare access challenges, mental health issues, and social integration barriers faced by the participants. Key themes included ‘Healthcare Needs and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic ‘and ‘Social needs and Aspirations Amidst Pandemic-Induced Uncertainty ‘. The findings highlight the multifaceted healthcare and social needs of asylum seekers, juxtaposed against significant barriers they face. Access to medical services is hindered by long waiting times and financial constraints, especially for specialized care such as dental services. Communication issues during medical appointments due to language barriers and the lack of gender-specific healthcare, such as access to gynecological services, further exacerbate the challenges. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic introduces hurdles such as limited testing, isolation measures, language-specific information barriers, and insufficient social distancing practices. Mental health has emerged as a critical concern, with asylum seekers reporting significant stress and emotional exhaustion due to uncertainty and restrictive living conditions. Social needs extend to delayed asylum application processes, inconsistent language education opportunities, inadequate clothing, and nutrition that lacks cultural sensitivity, and living conditions characterized by overcrowding and insufficient facilities. The restricted freedom of movement within asylum seeking centres severely impacts their psychological well-being, underscoring a deep longing for autonomy and a better life despite the myriad of challenges faced.DiscussionThe study illustrates the complex interplay between migration, health, and social factors in the context of a global pandemic. It highlights the need for culturally sensitive healthcare services, mental health support, and structured language education programs. Offering educational avenues alongside language courses for children and adults is essential for fostering social inclusion and securing economic prosperity. Addressing the challenge of language barriers is of utmost importance, as these barriers significantly impede undocumented migrants’ and asylum seekers employment opportunities and their access to crucial services. The findings emphasized immigration as a health determinant and underscored the importance of inclusive health policies and advocacy for undocumented migrants and asylum seekers’ rights and needs.ConclusionThere is an urgent need for comprehensive policies and practices that are grounded in the principles of equity, compassion, and human rights. Additionally, advocating for practice adaptations that are culturally sensitive, linguistically inclusive, and responsive to the unique challenges faced by undocumented migrants and asylum seekers. As global migration continues to rise, these findings are crucial for informing public health strategies and social services that cater to the diverse needs of this vulnerable population.

Nursing Home Characteristics and Resident Quality of Care Outcomes: A Scoping Review

Context: Nursing facilities are an essential part of the long-term care continuum, providing a setting where older adults and persons with disabilities receive critical services and supports. Despite extensive research linking facility characteristics to resident outcomes, the facility and resident factors under investigation vary in the context of a diverse industry landscape and poor understanding of key quality of care outcomes. Objectives: This scoping review focused on identifying key concepts, summarising existing findings, and identifying gaps in research linking nursing facility characteristics and resident outcomes. Methods: Guided by PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this scoping review focused on empirical, English-language research published in five databases between 2005 and 2022. The research studies meeting specified inclusion criteria were subjected to thematic analysis for the extraction of key concepts and synthesis of findings. Findings: The 91 research studies in the final analytic sample conceptualised facility-level characteristics and resident outcomes using six and nine broad domains, respectively. The subcategories making up these discrete domains varied widely across studies. While evidence of linkages between facility environments and resident outcomes varied, there was general support that higher staffing capacity and home-like environments with support for autonomy and social integration were linked to better functional outcomes and higher overall subjective well-being of residents. Implications: It is imperative to understand how facility-level characteristics influence resident outcomes, and this scoping review provides insight into these complex relationships. A better understanding of this area is key to improving policies and regulatory oversight, as well as more broadly inform data driven decision-making.

Academic pathways: The role of engagement as a mediator in the decision to drop out or stay at university

The study of university dropout has significantly advanced following the introduction of interactionist theoretical models. However, these models need to be updated based on the current context and new variables that have recently become more important, such as the use of self-regulation strategies (SRL) and academic engagement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the extent to which academic engagement mediates the relationship between social integration, academic satisfaction, expectations, and the use of SRL. From a sample of 1177 university students (Mean age = 19.26, SD = 2.97, 79.7% women) academic engagement was found to act as a total mediator in the relationship between independent variables and the use of SRL in models of the intention to drop out of the degree course and university. However, in the models of intention to remain, partial mediation was seen in the effect of social integration and satisfaction, with total mediation only for expectations through the vigour component of engagement. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of student persistence at university.

Barriers and facilitators to achieving employment in mainstream settings in adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual developmental disorders: A scoping review

Autistic people without Intellectual Developmental Disorders (IDD) have a significantly lower employment rate compared to the general population even though employment favors social integration and quality of life. AimsTo examine the barriers and facilitators to employability in mainstream settings for autistic adults without intellectual disability. MethodsFollowing the scoping review guidelines, we searched the Cochrane, PubMed and PsycINFO databases for references published between 01/01/2000 to 01/08/2023. ResultsA review of the 44 identified articles suggests the existence of multiple individual and environmental factors influencing job access and retention. ConclusionsThis is the first review to assess the facilitators and barriers to employment support for autistic people without intellectual disability. The results underline the need for studying strategies to promote access to employment and job retention for autistic people. Future research should explore the mediating and moderating factors leading to the improvement of employability of autistic people WIDD.

Timing of seasonal events is correlated with social network position in a wild mammal

Across animal systems, abiotic environmental features, including timing of seasonal events and weather patterns, affect fitness. An individual’s degree of social integration also has fitness consequences, but we lack an understanding of how abiotic features relate to patterns of individual sociality. A deeper understanding of this relationship could be developed from studying systems where these two links with fitness have already been identified. We explored the relationship between individual social behavior and seasonal timing, seasonal length, and weather patterns. We used social network analysis on a sixteen-year dataset of a wild population of hibernating yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer). We fit a series of generalized linear mixed models and found that longer growing seasons before winter hibernation and longer winters were associated with increased individual sociality in the following spring. However, later snowmelt was associated with decreased sociality that spring. We found no relationship between individual sociality and various measures of precipitation and temperature. This suggests that seasonal timing and length may be a more important driver of sociality than weather patterns in this system, both as a lag and contemporary effect. Seasonal timing and length may mediate the opportunity or intensity of social interactions. The entwined relationships between the seasonal schedule and weather, and the seemingly contradictory role of winter length and snowmelt, suggests the timing of seasons and its relationship with sociality is complex and further exploration of environment-sociality relationships is required across taxa.Significance statementWhile the adaptive benefits of social behavior are well studied, less is known about how features of the abiotic environment drive variation in individual social behavior. Given increasing stochasticity in the timing of seasonal events and weather patterns, mapping the environment-sociality relationship will provide important insights to the drivers of sociality in the wild. This is particularly salient for species most vulnerable to climate and environmental change, such as seasonal hibernators, like yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer). We found that features of seasonal duration were positively associated with increased sociality, whereas the timing of seasonal onset was negatively associated. This work provides empirical evidence towards an important gap in the behavioral ecology literature.

UKRAINIAN FORCED MIGRANTS’ INTEGRATION IN EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET: GERMAN VS POLISH CASE

The tsunami of forced migration caused by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 poses a significant challenge to the socio-economic systems of host European countries, in particular Germany and Poland, which are the two main destination countries for displaced Ukrainians. Despite relatively similar statistics on the number and demographic structure of Ukrainian forced immigrants, the two countries differ significantly in terms of the level of labour market integration of refugees, which is a key factor determining their social integration and economic outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to study the peculiarities and common features of the integration of Ukrainian forced migrants in the labour markets of Germany and Poland, taking into account the pre-war experience of these countries in attracting Ukrainian economic migrants. Methodology. The study is a comparative analysis of the pre-war and forced migration trajectories of the two countries based on data from the German and Polish statistical services and Eurostat in 2010-2022. Results. The article discusses the redistribution of the main demographic characteristics in the profile of Ukrainian migrants in the post-war period, which led to an increase in the share of women with higher education in the demographic structure of migrants. These demographic differences, coupled with the peculiarities of European labour markets, have affected the employment prospects of Ukrainian refugees in European countries of destination. The pre-war experience of temporary labour migration from Ukraine and social ties between refugees and members of the diaspora were recognised as factors that facilitated the integration of Ukrainian refugees. The analysis showed that in addition to the geographical and cultural proximity between Ukraine and Poland, the circular labour migration model that dominated relations between Ukraine and Poland contributed to the rapid integration of Ukrainian refugees into the labour market after the outbreak of full-scale war. The lack of German language skills is the most common reason for the lower participation of Ukrainians in the German labour market compared to the Polish one. In Germany, favourable labour market conditions combined with integration policies facilitate access to the labour market for Ukrainian refugees in the long term. Practical implications. By examining the previous circular seasonal migration of Ukrainians over the past decade and their labour market integration in specific destination countries after the outbreak of war, this paper provides a broader perspective for the study of the transition from forced to permanent migration. Value/Originality. Given the global growth of both seasonal labour migrants and forms of movement, the key findings of the study provide a better understanding of these changing categories of mobility and their implications.

Rohingya Refugees: A Study of Indonesian Government Policies

The Rohingya refugee crisis is a complex and pressing humanitarian issue in the Southeast Asia region. Conflict in Myanmar has forced thousands of Rohingya to flee seeking protection in neighboring countries. This research aims to evaluate the Indonesian government's policy in handling the Rohingya refugee crisis and provide recommendations for future policy improvements. The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive and comparative analysis. The analysis results indicate that Indonesia's policy towards Rohingya refugee flows reflects a commitment to humanitarian principles and national security. However, evaluating the implemented policies is necessary to understand their effectiveness. The implications of the Rohingya refugee flow for Indonesia's national security include risks of regional and global instability as well as threats to the security of individuals and groups. Indonesia's strategies for preventing and mitigating the impact of Rohingya refugees involve strengthening border surveillance, regional cooperation, refugee status organization, and social integration. Recommendations from this research include improving coordination between agencies, enhancing government capacity in managing refugee crises, and increasing protection and assistance to Rohingya refugees. This research is expected to contribute to understanding Indonesia's government policies towards the Rohingya refugee crisis and provide recommendations to enhance policy effectiveness.

The surgical management of scaphocephaly in a seven-month-old infant

Introduction: Scaphocephaly is a cranial malformation resulting from premature closure of the sagittal suture. In some cases, the diagnosis is made late, leading to delayed corrective surgery. Due to the necessity of early surgical intervention, we present this condition to facilitate understanding by any physician and improve the quality of life for patients. Observation: A seven-month-old female infant presented with worsening cranial vault deformity present since birth. Morphologically, the patient exhibited a narrow and elongated head, accompanied by a median frontal bulge, with a cranial circumference of 49 cm. Standard frontal and lateral radiographs revealed an elongated skull with closure of the sagittal suture. CT scan revealed complete fusion of the sagittal suture with the classic appearance of "boat-shaped" skull. We employed the standard H-type craniectomy method. The surgical outcome, assessed 8 months post-intervention, was satisfactory both neurologically and in terms of psychomotor and aesthetic development. Conclusion: Without intervention, scaphocephaly can lead to aesthetic discomfort and contribute to low self-esteem, as well as difficulties in social, academic, and professional integration.

ALIGNING PROFIT WITH PLANET: STRATEGIES AND IMPLICATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE FINANCE IN THE MODERN ECONOMY

In the wake of escalating environmental concerns and the imperative to address climate change, the integration of sustainability principles into financial practices has emerged as a critical avenue for fostering a more environmentally conscious economy. This research paper delves into the strategies and implications of sustainable finance, aiming to align profit motives with planetary well-being. The paper explores the evolution of sustainable finance, tracing its roots from ethical investing to the contemporary landscape of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria integration. Drawing on a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, the paper elucidates various sustainable finance instruments and mechanisms, including green bonds, impact investing, and sustainability- linked loans. Furthermore, it examines the motivations driving businesses and financial institutions to embrace sustainable finance, ranging from risk mitigation and regulatory compliance to reputational enhancement and long-term value creation. Moreover, the paper investigates the challenges and opportunities associated with mainstreaming sustainable finance practices, highlighting issues such as data quality, measurement methodologies, and the need for standardized reporting frameworks. Additionally, it discusses the role of policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders in fostering an enabling environment for sustainable finance adoption. Finally, the paper concludes with reflections on the broader implications of sustainable finance for economic growth, social equity, and environmental stewardship, underscoring its potential to catalyze systemic change in the modern economy towards a more sustainable and resilient future. Keywords: sustainable finance, economy, environment, climate.